Fuel Categories

This class of fuel encompasses several kinds of coal. Waste coal may also be included which is a by-product of coal processing, containing coal, along with trace minerals, dirt, and other materials.

Petrol coke (or petcoke) is a carbon-based solid derived from oil refineries.

Heavy fuel is a flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds.

Standard diesel oil is assumed to consist of 100% fossil carbon. One CO₂ emission factor is defined for standard diesel oil in line189. Alternatively, a fuel category “bio and mixed diesel” is available for the equipment and on-site vehicles fuels (see Alternative fossil and mixed fuels).

Note that the amounts of natural gas are reported in the unit [1000 Nm3/yr]. Nm³ refers to normal cubic meters at 1013 hPa and 0 °C.

Shale is a sedimentary rock that can serve as a fuel when it has a high carbon content.

Lignite is a soft brown type of coal. It is also referred to as “brown coal”. Its lower heating value (LHV) is normally smaller than the LHV of hard coal or anthracite.

Refined liquid fuel obtained from petroleum especially used for car engines.

Category for all fossil fuels used for equipment and on-site vehicles other than diesel oil or gasoline

Category for all fossil fuels used for room heating and/or cooling other than diesel oil or natural gas

Category for all fossil fuels used for on-site power generation, which are not reported in another category of the on-site power generation section.

Waste oil is any petroleum-based or synthetic oil which, through use or handling has become unsuitable for its original purpose.

Tyres here mean tyres which are made of rubber and other synthetic materials. Normally, tyres contain a natural rubber component. The CSI Cement CO2 and Energy Protocol therefore foresees a default value of 27% for their biogenic carbon content.

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is an alternative fuel derived from wastes such industrial or municipal solid waste (MSW). RDF consists largely of the combustible components of municipal waste such as plastics and biodegradable waste. It is also referred to as solid recovered fuel (SRF).

Chemical solvents which consist of different types of combustible liquids.

Composed of fine particles of wood which are a byproduct in the wood manufacturing processes but not pure wood biomass due to the impregnation.

Different types of industrial wastes which are combustible materials.

Note that the CO₂ emissions from bio and mixed diesel are evaluated with one common CO₂ emission factor (line199a) and biogenic carbon content (line200g)

Category for all fossil based wastes and mixed fuels which are not reported in another category of alternative fuels and mixed fuels. Note that the CO₂ emissions from all fuels in this category are evaluated with one common CO₂ emission factor (line200) and biogenic carbon content (line200h)

Sewage sludge is a result of sewage water treatment or similar processes. The sludge consists of biogenic organic materials and is normally dried for fuel use.

Residues from the meat industry which consist of animals as source of organic carbon.

Residues from the meat industry consisting of the bones of animals .

Fat which is produced from animals.

Category for all biomass fuels which are not reported in another category of biomass fuels. Note that the biogenic CO₂ emissions from all fuels in this category are evaluated for the memo item with one common CO₂ emission factor (line209). A biogenic carbon content of 100% is assumed.